An Analysis of the Pulse Oximetry Supply Chain in Kenya

Abstract

This research paper investigates the systemic barriers to accessing essential medical devices in underserved countries, with a specific focus on the pulse oximetry supply chain in Kenya. The methods used to conduct this study is through document review of guidelines listed on the Kenyan Ministry of Health (MOH) website and Pharmacy and Poisons Board (PPB), the key regulatory body in Kenya. This study also reviews various reports of NGOs such as the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH) and the supply chain strategy reports from MOH. According to the results, there seems to be little to no manufacturers for pulse oximetry, hence making most of the supply from foreign companies and NGOs. A review of the current MOH guidelines states that there is on-going advocacy for securing prioritization budgeting for medical devices such as pulse oximetry. Larger primary care hospitals such as Kenyatta National Hospital have access to devices, however smaller districts and facilities struggle with limited budget and improper replacement of depleted stock. PPB indicates clear standard procedures for importation of devices, however upon further review from the supply chain strategy report, there seems to be multiple regulatory entities that are involved in device regulation which can lead to inefficiencies in coordination. To conclude, with coordinated prioritization between national standards and county implementation, more equitable pulse oximetry access appears feasible.